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Infertility explained

Infertility is usually defined as not becoming pregnant after one year of trying...

Helpful tools
Some couples may have concerns much sooner – for example, if the woman is not having regular periods or ovulating.

Very broadly, about half of infertility is male-based and about half female-based.

The good news is that today, many people who experience infertility do manage to have a baby. It may just take a little longer than average, or they many need some advice and assistance to get there.

Majority of couples do not have a clear infertility diagnosis.

This can be difficult, as often ‘making a plan’ feels like the best thing you can do. However, a diagnosis of unexplained infertility can often have better outcomes, as the couple usually have normal tubes and sperms and ovulation is occurring.

Unexplained infertility can sometimes be linked to age. You can examine the possibilities with your age/chance using our biological clock in our Helpful Tools.

Should you be concerned, do not delay – talking to a fertility doctor is the best thing you can do to help you understand your options.

After the first consultation, your fertility specialist will recommend a treatment option to suit your needs.

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Infertility Causes in Women

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  • Tubal problems
  • Endometriosis
  • Ovulation disorders
  • Polycystic ovaries
  • Recurrent miscarriage
  • Hormonal problems
  • Autoimmune (antibody) disorders
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Infertility Causes in Men

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The cause of most male infertility remains unknown. Known causes can include the following:

  • Failed vasectomy removal
  • Retrograde ejaculation
  • Blocked ducts
  • Absence of vans deferens
  • Undescended testes in childhood
  • Autoimmune (antibody) disorders

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The Biological Clock

This tool indicates:

  • Natural conception per month if you have no fertility issues
  • IVF success rate at the same age
  • When to seek help after months of unsuccessful attempts

If you are concerned at any stage – we recommend booking a doctor appointment or a free nurse consultation. The sooner you make a plan the better your chances in the long term.

When to seek advice early

  • If you have polycystic ovaries, endometriosis, or have been through a cancer diagnosis; we recommend you get in touch quickly so we can talk you through all your options and give you the greatest possible chance of success.
  • If you’re a single woman considering motherhood in the future; it’s best to approach us early and consider egg freezing as this can be an option for you while you have a higher ovarian reserve and healthier eggs.
Set your age and the months you’ve been trying to conceive
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Your chance of having a baby per month for fertile couples
Your chance of having a baby per IVF cycle (if experiencing infertility)

Body Mass Index calculator

Being overweight or underweight can reduce fertility, so it is important to keep your body weight within the normal healthy range.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is an indication of your body weight and can be calculated by dividing weight by height. You should aim for a BMI of between 20 and 25, as this will optimise your chances of conception.

Woman’s BMI below 19

Even in these modern times, nature knows best. If a woman's BMI falls below 19, the body senses famine and ovulation is switched off to prevent the risk of having a baby with malnutrition. Excessive exercise can reduce body fat and increase muscle mass to a point where periods cease for the same reason. Risk of miscarriage is also increased in women with a low BMI.

Being underweight

If a woman's BMI falls below 19, the body senses famine and ovulation is switched off to prevent the risk of having a baby with malnutrition. Excessive exercise can reduce body fat and increase muscle mass to a point where periods cease for the same reason. Risk of miscarriage is also increased in women with a low BMI.

BMI’s greater than 30

This can reduce fertility by 50%. Pregnancy for women with a 30+ BMI is often associated with problems such as maternal diabetes, high blood pressure, big babies and increased risk of caesarean section.

Add your height and weight to calculate your BMI